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FORMATIVE INVESTIGATION: LOOKS LIKE' VERSUS 'IS LIKE'

First Piece: 'The Son of Man' in 1964 by René Magritte - 'Is like'
Second Piece: Part of the overall series of 'All these garlands prove nothing' in 2013 by Toyin Ojih Odutola
Analysis of Piece 1: 'The Son of Man' in 1964 by René Magritte - 'Is like'

Initial response: Firstly, the reason behind choosing this piece was not due to my knowledge on the artist but my appeal on what Magritte had created. I found it distinct and creative as Magritte called this a self-portrait but it did not portray much of himself visually. Which enabled me to be curious about what he was implying through the piece rather than just a formal man in a suit, bowler hat, a green apple face and a slight part of the eyes in sight. It was relevant to what I would create later on as I wanted to do something untypical and original, with a twist and hidden meaning to who I was or the person I would be portraying. My first reaction or thought to this piece was wow this is extremely new and distinct, I had never seen something alike to it. Its so simple yet mesmerising. I noticed the man and gloomy background first, which lastly brought my attention to the apple. It drew my attention much more than the rest as it was out of space in terms that no one was holding it up or there were no apple trees nearby. It was just there, felt more figurative than anything to me. The piece overall did not remind me of any experience or memory except for seeing business men and the fact that the shade of green the apple was painted in was very familiar. This may be because the artist specifically used a common green apple colour. On the other hand, this piece made me feel a couple strong emotions. The first was that I saw sadness, through the colours used, the uniform and the mans position made me feel extremely sad. This may change once I learn the true story behind it or get deeper. Along with that it also gave me a sense of creativity, as it was so diverse that I felt the importance of originality. 

Contextual Understanding: The artist René Magritte was born in Belgium in November 21, 1898 and raised there with his family which was his mother, father and two bothers whom appeared to be both younger than Magritte. Within his childhood, according to many sources Magritte had two significant events that took place. The first was his first physical accidental meeting with an artist in a cemetery, this developed his thought and perception of creating and how to create art. The artist's name was not mentioned. The second event was the unfortunate suicide of his mother when Magritte was just fourteen. In which he created many pieces based on the trauma when he was much order, a famous one used on the cover of Livaneli's book. From then on, not much of his life was recorded until he was seventeen and started painting. He was enrolled at school in Brussels named 'Académie des Beaux-Arts'. After he graduated in 1921 from the school and completed mandatory military, he returned home and got married with his childhood female friend. In 1922 he started working at a wallpaper creation factory but then resigned to join the 'Galerie le Centaure' in Brussels for the job of designing publicity forms of art such as posters and so on. After his experience there he moved to Paris, France in 1927 and stayed there for three years in which he met many surrealism artists of his time. He started making his own art and returned home in 1930 where he continued his career through creating pieces people found marvellous yet hidden in a peculiar manner. 

Now that I have  understood some minimal parts of life before, I was able to apply that to the personal context of his art. For example due to his visits to Paris and cultivated areas within that time frame, Magritte was able to create forms of imagination and figurative images in his art which was a form of Surrealism. This may be why most his art is this boundary of style. Also, the trauma he received from his mother may be why he was frequently making several copies of one painting, many articles said this may be a connection with the psychological trauma he was still receiving from the death. His time in the publicity department may have been why most of his self-portraits incorporate suits and men in bowler hats such as in the one we are analysing. It may have been to signify a time frame of his life where he was one and surrounded by those men. When applying some of what was said to a wider context, if Magritte had not be travelling and born within his specific time frame, his art may have not included surrealism which was a new concepts that had become popular then. Although Magritte used methods that were not trendy but more original, he was making hidden messages through this method using surrealism. 

I believe the artist is trying to communicate his own life through peculiar hidden messages in his art in a form of surrealism. For example not just self-portraits but there were wide examples of paintings of his wife, apartment and much more. Each including a different moral. One of his famous statements recorded was 'Everything we see hides another thing, we always want to see what is hidden by what we see.”

Formal Elements: 

  • Name of Artist: René Magritte

  • Name of Piece: 'The son of man' self-portait

  • Date: 1964

  • Location: Belgium

  • Materials: Canvas, Oil paints

  • Size: 116 cm x 89 cm

  • Objects in painting: Sky, brick wall, sea, man in suit and hat & hovering green apple

  • Focal point: Man & Apple

  • Interesting fact: right elbow is twisted round

  • Mood: Gloomy, sad, grey, anger, guilt

  • Shapes: Man looks realistic and three dimensional through tone and shading. Apple and leaves have different shades, sphere shape and colours to enable realism which is ironic as the apple is floating. Apple is big as face, out of proportion. 

  • Space: Man is up close and is the largest object within the painting. There are lots of blank colour space enabling it to be not a busy painting

  • Pattern: Brick pattern on the wall, repetition of blocks.

  • Texture: No vivid brush strokes, looks real through the perfect consistency but the overall concept of the image enables it to be more surrealistic. 

  • Colour: Dominant sad colours such as different shades of blues and greys. Reflecting the sadness or gloom the artist was trying to portray. In the middle of all the gloom is a big pop of green as the apple floats in the middle of the mans face to the point where only eyes or showing, this enables to highlight the object rather than camouflage. A sense of change within the sadness maybe a hint of hidden happiness even though most the time green signifies envy. 

  • Composition: The whole painting is symmetrical. The sky, sea and brick wall are all in line and straight the body and apple are too. A sense of perfection.

  • Note: Common usage in Magritte's paintings are the apple and bowler hat. 

 

Subject matter: This is a self-portrait that is in some way a representation of the artist Rene Magritte as he himself calls the painting a self-portrait. His comment on the painting depicted that when something is hidden from us we try to find it through the present starting a conflict between what is visually present and visually unpresent, which is the face of the man in this position. The real question is how is this related to a depiction of the self of the artist within the portrait? It shows the connection that Magritte was perceived to be a symmetrical, perfect and normal on the surface as the image depicts. But there is a deep part of him that is hidden, which is alike to the apple hiding his face excluding part of the eyes. This may become a conflict with who he truly is and the surface. That what you see is not everything of Magritte. This is the depiction and emotional point of 'is like' showing the artist, that there is more and this creates anger on both sides.

Analysis of Piece 2: Part of the overall series of 'All these garlands prove nothing' in 2013 by Toyin Ojih Odutola - 'looks like'

Initial response: There was an absence of the specific name of the piece I wanted to analyse which made me realise through research that it was named after the overall series, 'All these garlands prove nothing' is made up of thirteen pieces. Done by the contemporary artist Toyin Ojih Odutola in 2013. The relevance of my decision was the distinctness and beauty of the piece. How everything connected together in place and was very visually pleasing, the original differentiated tones of skin colour in her pieces compared to which most portraits I saw had not included many skin shades in one painting. My initial reaction was the bold figure reflected clearly against the background, the many shades of skin tone and how stunning the women was. I was not able to link it to any memories or experiences which may have shown the originality of the concept in the portrait. This led me to feel curiosity on why the artist had chosen to depict herself in so many shades. 

Contextual understanding: When considering the amount of history and background given on Odutola, there were very minimised sources which talked about her early life before her artwork now was analysed. From what was given, Odutola was born in Nigeria in 1985, she left very soon after birth and was raised in Alabama. She grew up with the absence of African culture. She took college at University of Alabama in Huntsville in 2008 and received a BA. From there on she went on to another colleg and also graduated with a MFA in the California College of arts in 2012. She is now creating pieces which are represented by the 'Jack Shainman Gallery' in New York.

 

Many sources have commented on Odutola's interest in representing the sociopolitical concept of colour and skin. This and the fact that she may have missed her culture may be the reason why she had interest in learning and depicting the rang in her art. She gives many tones and ranges on one person which is a very open-minded aspect to look at it. The majority of her paintings are women of her own kind, even tho she strongly stated that it was a human in her art that a colour is just a filter, that we must not differentiate. 

When imagining Odutola's art on a wider scale, most of the materials in the specific series we were analysing were modern and contemporary tools which may have been influenced by the time we are in. For example the primary material in this series is a back ballpoint pen which is a modern took. On the other hand, the depiction and white background in her pieces gives me the sense of modern and unlike the time before us. Although her artistic style is very individual, I also believe Odutola has been influenced and understood the modern art, media and style around us in the best way. 

I have come to understand that the artist is portraying what things are in their own form, not what they act like or look like but what they are in their own 'language' comfort. She in her experience has had three main concepts which were portrayed in her pieces. They are known to be history and home, skin depiction and subject depiction. All shown through her lense of peculiarness. We are looking at skin and subject depiction in this series.

Formal Elements:

  • Name of Artist: Toyin Ojih Odutola

  • Name of Piece:  Series: 'All these garlands prove nothing'

  • Date: 2013

  • Location: New York

  • Materials: Black ballpoint pen, paper and colour markers

  • Size: not stated

  • Objects in painting: Person

  • Focal point: Hair, changes every piece

  • Interesting fact: It is many self-portaits with the different hairstyles the artist had experienced within the past five years.

  • Mood: Curiosity, confidence, risking, self love

  • Shapes: The only geometric shape is the eye, the rest of the piece is very organic and pure. The artist has used tone and outlining to make herself realistic and believable towards the norm. 

  • Space: There is no linear spaces, and the artist has used the background as an empty space rather than making it busy and crowded to give attention to the figure.

  • Pattern: There is a pattern of colour in the shading, there are many tones of brown repeated in all of the portraits in the series.

  • Texture: You are able to see the brush strokes of the diverse range of brown tones used on the figure, this makes it unrealistic and ironic towards the fact that the overall image of the person is very realistic. Her skin looks clear and shiny also a testimony of herself. 

  • Colour: Complementary shades of brown lighter and darker used upon the overall brownish black skin to make an aesthetic that is easy to match together and is pleasing. White background to imply the attention. None of the colours represent emotion but of the depiction of the person. Many shades of brown used to represent diveristy. 

  • Composition: No symmetry, it is the human body in many angles. The central object is the person herself. Our eye is drawn to the figure by the use of a blank background.

  • Note: All thirteen pieces in these series are of the artist itself, a self-portrait. 

 

Subject Matter: There are thirteen pieces in the series  'All these garlands prove nothing' all represent Toyin Ojih Odutola through what she looks like. Each piece has the same face features which the face, hair, neck and collar bone but in different angles. But the focal point and independent variable of the pieces is the style of hair. Each piece has a hairstyle that Odutola has tried in the past five years before the piece was made in 2013. She used her old Facebook photographs to recreate the hairstyles. It is a symbol of her in many forms as she has stated that identity is very "malleable" it can be impacted by the small change of hairstyle but can not change who you are. That the garlands are a symbol of hair, they don't prove anything of the original identity.

Compare and Contrast + Similarities: Piece 1 and 2

From the two pieces I had chosen and analysed, when looking at the outcome and comparison of both. They are entirely different and differentiate for a couple diverse reasons. 

 

Time & Choice of Material Factor: The era of the artists and the of creation of the pieces has an immense impact on the overall meaning, outcome and several other factors. While Magritte grew up in a birth of surrealism, Odutola was surrounded my contemporary modern growth. A huge change of ear and influence in time. This was effective towards what they produced, completely and utterly different styles and representations of portraits. Although it is important who you are as painter but is also important and influencing what society is wanting from the painter, the trendy likes. Along with that, one artist used oil paints while the other used a ballpoint pen and markers, signifying how it can impact even the smallest of the primary materials. Overall, the era has impacted the style of the painting and the materials used to create it. 

 

Outcome and Meaning: On the other hand, their depiction of their self in each of their self portraits based on very ends of the spectrum. Magritte did not depict his actual self in terms of what he looked like but what he imagined himself to be emotionally within the inside through a hidden logic of symbolism. While Odutola was the complete opposite, the picture was open and confident towards who she was physically by how she depicted herself, it was a thirteen piece series of how she looked in the course of five years in terms of hair. Their differ-etinated choices may have been impacted by the surrealistic features of Magrittes time or just his interest or importance towards what we were than what we looked like. But the difference in the pieces here was looks like versus is like. 

 

Mood: A significant change in this factor! These two pieces reflected two significant emotions which are a strong depiction of who you are. Magritte's piece showed true gloom and normality/perfection of society even with the hidden meaning it signified conflict between his two hidden sides. He did this through the colours and clothing he used on himself. While Odutola's piece gave self love and a form of respect to all people of colour through the spectrum of shades used. One gave a positive message of herself the other signified the opposite even in the meaning. 

 

Use of Space, Shape & Pattern:  There is a distinction in these three factors as they are changed to best fir the purpose of the piece. In this case, Magritte has used many symmterical perfect patterns in perfect shapes to cover the space although it is not busy it makes a normal situation around the himself in the picture to signify 'perfection' or normality. As he is trying to hide the fact that this extreme is not truly who he is. On the other hand, Odutola has used the absence of other shapes and objects but the person itself, the space is white giving attention to the only figure in the image. The only pattern is the different shade  of skin tones in patches on the person to give a sense of diversity. Within this comparison you are able to understand how many factors are used to enable the purpose of the peice, it does not come easy and many components are used to enable the message to come through.

 

To  summarise, each artist has used a disparate spectrum of era, material of choice, outcome, meaning, space, shape and pattern to enhance the further impact of the piece and understanding of it on the audience. Although one similarity between the two is they are both a self-portrait of something important that signifies them as person. Their hidden emotional conflict and sociopolitical opinion on how their race and self looks. 

References
The Art Story. (2017). Rene Magritte. Retrieved September 7, 2017, from The Art Story website: http://www.theartstory.org/artist-magritte-rene.htm
Brown, A. W. (2015, February 4). Toyin Odutola: ‘I’m no longer interested in portraying what I think I am in my work’. Studio International. Retrieved from http://www.studiointernational.com/index.php/toyin-odutola-interview-drawing-and-you-emerged-curved-and-new
Carr, E. L. (2012, October 4). 25 awesome contemporary portrait artists. Complex. Retrieved from http://www.complex.com/style/2012/10/25-awesome-contemporary-portrait-artists/
Jack Shainman Gallery. (2017). Toyin Ojih Odutola. Retrieved September 11, 2017, from Jack Shainman Gallery website: http://www.jackshainman.com/exhibitions/past/2011/toyin-odutola/
Joshi, A. (2014, April 13). What does Rene Magritte's the son of man mean? [Online forum post]. Retrieved from Quora website: https://www.quora.com/What-does-Rene-Magrittes-The-Son-of-Man-mean
Magritte, R. (1964). The son of man [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://thesquirrelreview.com/2014/12/02/the-son-of-man-by-rene-magritte-1964/
Odutola, T. (2013). All these garlands prove nothing [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.emptykingdom.com/featured/toyin-odutola/
Wikipedia. (2017, June 18). Toyin Odutola. Retrieved September 8, 2017, from Wikipedia website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyin_Odutola
Wikipedia. (2017, September 5). The son of man. Retrieved September 7, 2017, from Wikipedia website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Son_of_Man

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